Renewable energy sources offer numerous benefits, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, providing sustainable and inexhaustible energy supply, and promoting economic growth through job creation in green technology sectors.

Common types include solar power, wind energy, hydroelectric power, biomass, and geothermal energy.

Challenges include high initial investment costs, the intermittent nature of some energy sources like solar and wind, the need for upgraded infrastructure, and geographic limitations for certain types.

Solutions involve technological advancements to improve energy storage, government incentives and policies to reduce costs, development of infrastructure, and diversifying the energy portfolio to include multiple sources.